Interstate 78 (I-78) is an east–west Interstate Highway in the Northeastern United States that runs 144 miles (232 km) from I-81 northeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, through Allentown to western and North Jersey, terminating at the Holland Tunnel entrance to Lower Manhattan in New York City. Major metropolitan areas along I-78 include the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania, the Gateway Region in New Jersey, and the New York metropolitan area.
 Interstate 78 | |
|---|---|
 I-78 highlighted in red | |
| Route information | |
| Maintained by PennDOT, DRJTBC, NJDOT, NJTA, and PANYNJ | |
| Length | 146.28 mi[1] (235.41 km) |
| Existed | 1957–present |
| NHS | Entire route |
| Restrictions | No hazardous goods in Holland Tunnel |
| Major junctions | |
| West end |  I-81 in Union Township, PA |
| |
| East end | Canal Street in New York, NY |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| States | Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York |
| Highway system | |
I-78 links ports in New York City and North Jersey to points west, including the Lehigh Valley, the third-largest metropolitan region of Pennsylvania. I-78 accommodates over four million trucks annually, representing 24 percent of all truck traffic in the nation.[2] It also is a major connection point to the New York metropolitan area's three major international airports, Newark Liberty International Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport.
Route description
edit| mi[1] | km | |
|---|---|---|
| PA | 77.95 | 125.45 |
| NJ | 67.83 | 109.16 |
| NY | 0.50 | 0.80 |
| Total | 146.28 | 235.41 |
Pennsylvania
edit
I-78 begins at a directional T interchange with I-81 in Union Township, about 25 miles (40 km) northeast of Harrisburg. Near the east end of the county, at exit 8, U.S. Route 22 (US 22) merges with I-78, and runs concurrently for the next 43 miles (69 km) through Berks and Lehigh counties.[3]
At exit 51, in Upper Macungie Township, US 22 leaves the highway. Drivers on I-78 eastbound must use this exit to access I-476, also known as the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, and westbound travelers must use exit 53 (northbound Pennsylvania Route 309, PA 309) and then westbound US 22. From exits 53 to 60, I-78 runs concurrently with PA 309. The six-lane overlap bypasses the city of Allentown to the south and crosses South Mountain.[4][5]
At exit 60 (A–B going westbound), PA 309 yields south to Quakertown.[6] Approximately six miles (9.7 km) east, there is an interchange between PA 412 and I-78 in Hellertown, serving Bethlehem and Lehigh University. At exit 71, PA 33 reaches its southern terminus at a trumpet interchange. PA 33 traverses the Pocono Mountains as it enters Bangor and crosses I-80. The final exit on I-78 in Pennsylvania is Morgan Hill Road, which accesses PA 611 and Easton. I-78 then crosses the I-78 Toll Bridge and enters New Jersey.
New Jersey
edit_between_Exit_36_and_Exit_33_in_Warren_Township,_Somerset_County,_New_Jersey.jpg)
After the I-78 Toll Bridge, I-78 enters New Jersey as the Phillipsburg–Newark Expressway.[7] The road begins by running parallel with County Route 642 (CR 642) in the town of Alpha. At 3.94 miles (6.34 km), a partial cloverleaf interchange brings together US 22, Route 122, and Route 173 with I-78 in Phillipsburg.[8] US 22 now runs concurrently with I-78 for the next 15 miles (24 km). Going westbound, exit 4 leaves to the right for CR 637 and Warren Glen. The next exit, exit 6, is for CR 632 in Bloomsbury. The route number is not signed on I-78. Exit 7 in Bloomsbury is the first of several eastbound exits for Route 173, which runs parallel the Interstate. Four miles (6.4 km) later, exit 11 leaves to the right as another exit for Route 173. CR 614 is located off the exit. Exit 12 westbound is for Route 173 again. Exit 12 eastbound is for a frontage road paralleling I-78.
Exit 13 is only westbound and is another exit for Route 173. Nearby the exit, going eastbound, the frontage road merges in.[8] Exit 15 is for Route 173 and CR 513 in Franklin Township. Exit 17 is for Route 31 in Clinton Township. In Annandale, US 22 leaves I-78 at exit 18. US 22 continues to Bound Brook and Union County. At exit 20, CR 639 intersects. CR 639 heads to the Round Valley Reservoir. Exit 24 is for CR 523 to Oldwick. At exit 29, I-287, US 202, and US 206 interchange with I-78 in Bedminster. At this point, in Somerset County, exits 33, 36, and 40 are for county routes in Warren Township. At exit 41, I-78 enters Union County[8] and then passes through the Watchung Reservation, where land bridges cross over the highway to allow for the safe passage of wildlife. At exit 45, CR 527 intersects after paralleling for some time. West of exit 48, I-78 splits into express and local highways. Exit 48 is for Route 24 in Springfield Township. Exit 49A is for one of Route 24's spur routes, Route 124. Exit 52 is for the Garden State Parkway in Union Township. At exits 57 and 58, Route 21, US 1, US 9, and US 22 intersect I-78. The exit provides access to Newark Liberty International Airport.
East of exit 58 at the eastern tip of Newark, I-78 becomes the Newark Bay Extension of the New Jersey Turnpike. Past the first toll plaza, I-78 has an interchange with I-95 (New Jersey Turnpike) and crosses Newark Bay via the Newark Bay Bridge.[8] The first exit, 14A, is for Route 440 in Bayonne. Liberty State Park can be reached by taking exit 14B. Exit 14C is the final numbered exit, providing access to the Liberty Science Center. Route 139 runs concurrently with I-78 along a one-way pair of surface streets as it approaches the Holland Tunnel and enters New York state.
New York
edit
I-78's length in New York is 0.5 miles (0.80 km)—half of the Holland Tunnel and the egress-only roundabout immediately beyond the end of the tunnel. The route was planned to run east and north through New York City to end at I-95 in the Bronx, but sections of the planned route, including the Lower Manhattan Expressway, were canceled.
In New York City, I-78 continues through the egress-only roundabout known as the Saint John's Rotary. The five separate exits from the Rotary are assigned numbers, exits 1 to 5, in counterclockwise order. Exit 5, the last eastbound exit, leads onto Canal Street. Under original plans, I-78 was to cross Manhattan as the Lower Manhattan Expressway onto the Williamsburg Bridge and then beyond I-278 on Bushwick Expressway through Brooklyn into Queens near the John F. Kennedy International Airport. A section of I-78 at the airport was built as the Nassau Expressway, later I-878 and now New York State Route 878 (NY 878), though most of the westbound side was never built. Under the plans, east of the airport, I-78 would have turned north on the Clearview Expressway, built north of Hillside Avenue in Queens and now I-295, run across the Throgs Neck Bridge, and forked into two spurs, ending at I-95 via the Throgs Neck Expressway, which is now I-695 and the Bruckner Interchange via the Cross Bronx Expressway, which is now part of I-295.[9]
Junction list
edit
- Pennsylvania[10]
- I-81 west-northwest of Jonestown
US 22 east-northeast of Fredericksburg. The highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Fogelsville.
US 222 west of Allentown
PA 33 southwest of Easton- New Jersey[10]
- US 22 east-northeast of Alpha. The highways travel concurrently to Annandale.
I-287 in Bedminster
US 1 / US 9 / US 22 in Newark
I-95 in Newark- New York[10]
- Canal Street in Lower Manhattan
Auxiliary routes
editAll of I-78's auxiliary routes serve New York City; however, none of these routes actually intersect I-78, following the route's truncation at the eastern end of the Holland Tunnel.
I-278 runs from US 1/9 in Linden, New Jersey, over the Goethals Bridge, through Staten Island, over the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge and through Brooklyn and Queens, and across the Triborough Bridge into the Bronx to end at I-95 at the Bruckner Interchange.[11] I-278 was planned to extend west from Elizabeth, New Jersey, to I-78 in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey,[12] and was to intersect I-78 at the east end of the Williamsburg Bridge in Brooklyn.[13] Until 1972, I-278 ran along present-NY 895 and a proposed extension to I-95, while I-278 east of NY 895 was I-878.[14][15]
I-478 is an unsigned designation for the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel, a spur from I-278 into Lower Manhattan.[11] Plans were made to continue it north along the West Side Highway (NY 9A) to I-78 at the Holland Tunnel,[16]:?10? though the project was later canceled.[17]
I-678 runs from I-278 at the Bruckner Interchange south over the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge to John F. Kennedy International Airport.[11] It was to intersect I-78 at its south end. Original plans took I-678 west on the Grand Central Parkway to I-278.[13][18]
I-878 is an unsigned designation for part of NY 878, a short west–east freeway on the north edge of John F. Kennedy International Airport.[11] It was once planned as part of I-78 and now intersects I-678. The number was assigned in 1970.[19]- A former I-878 existed from 1959 to 1972 along present I-278 east of NY 895. (NY 895 was part of I-278.)[14][15]
In the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, PA 378, which exits in downtown Bethlehem was once I-378 but was predesignated as a state route after I-78 was rerouted to a new southerly alignment. I-178 was initially planned to extend in Center City Allentown, but local opposition to the plan led to it being cancelled.
References
edit- ^ a b Federal Highway Administration (December 31, 2021). "Table 1 - Main Routes". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ "New Jersey's Infrastructure for Business | Choose New Jersey". Choose New Jersey, Inc. Retrieved May 29, 2022.
- ^ "Overview Map of I-78 in Lebanon, Berks, and Lehigh Counties" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ "Overview Map of I-78 Southeast of Allentown" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ "Overview Satellite Image of I-78 with Six Lanes" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ "Interstate 78 in Pennsylvania" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ New Jersey Department of Transportation. "Interstate 78 Straight Line Diagram" (PDF). Retrieved March 19, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "I-78, New Jersey, United States" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 31, 2007.
- ^ "NYSDOT - Traffic Count Information". Archived from the original on April 28, 2006. Retrieved December 27, 2005.
- ^ a b c Rand McNally (2014). The Road Atlas (Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 66, 72, 89. ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.
- ^ a b c d Adderly, Kevin (December 31, 2016). "Table 2: Auxiliary Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as of December 31, 2016". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
- ^ Union County Sheet 1 (Map). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
- Union County Sheet 2 (Map). New Jersey Department of Transportation. 1967. Retrieved February 13, 2010.
- ^ a b "Expressway Plans". Regional Plan News (73–74). Regional Plan Association: 1–18. May 1964. Retrieved February 27, 2017 – via Archive.org.
- ^ a b Map of Metropolitan New York (Map). Cartography by H.M. Gousha. Chevron Oil Company. 1969.
- ^ a b Map of New Jersey (Map). Cartography by General Drafting. Esso. 1970.
- ^ West Side Hwy Project, New York: Environmental Impact Statement. New York State Department of Transportation; Federal Highway Administration, United States Department of Transportation. 1977. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (October 7, 1985). "THE LEGACY OF WESTWAY: LESSONS FROM ITS DEMISE". The New York Times. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
- ^ Gulf Oil Company; Rand McNally and Company (1960). New Jersey and Metropolitan New York (Map). 1:390,000. Chicago: Gulf Oil Company. Road map of metropolitan New York City inset. OCLC 986509183.
- ^ New York State Department of Transportation (January 1, 1970). Description of Touring Routes in New York State for the Interstate (I), Federal (U.S.) and State (N.Y.) Route Number Systems (PDF). Retrieved March 26, 2009.
External links
edit